In contemporary India socialism under securing in present political era

Abstract

The 'Political Era' of political parties began in the 1920’s. Party and government in large cities seemed interchangeable. This was the era of political machines, bosses, and patronage. Political machines--party organizations that recruit members by offering tangible incentives such as jobs, money, favors, and so on---were central to the lives of millions of people. They helped new immigrants settle in, they provided social services, jobs, sponsored community events, and gave food and housing to the poor. All in exchange for votes. Government has gradually taken over many of the functions that were performed by the party-based political machines. Government now prints ballots, provides social welfare monies, conducts elections, and so on. So party organizations have fewer functions and less ability to enforce party-line votes and strict discipline.